{"id":288,"date":"2013-06-18T08:24:38","date_gmt":"2013-06-18T08:24:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chiromax.ro\/?p=288"},"modified":"2013-06-18T08:24:38","modified_gmt":"2013-06-18T08:24:38","slug":"tratarea-bolii-parodontale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chiromax.ro\/en\/tratarea-bolii-parodontale\/","title":{"rendered":"The treatment of periodontal disease"},"content":{"rendered":"

Boala parodontala este o infec\u021bie a \u021besuturilor care sus\u021bin din\u021bii.<\/strong><\/span>
\nPeriodontal disease is a chronic condition caused by the microbial flora in the oral cavity. It affects the structures that support the tooth or are located on the dental arch: the gum, the periodontal ligament, and the alveolar bone.<\/p>\n

Gingii care s\u00e2ngereaz\u0103 u\u015for (de exemplu, la periaj sau folosirea a\u0163ei dentare), gingii ro\u015fii, umflate sau dureroase, gingii care par s\u0103 se retrag\u0103 de la din\u0163i, puroi \u00eentre din\u0163i \u015fi gingii, respira\u0163ie ur\u00e2t mirositoare persistent\u0103 sau un gust nepl\u0103cut \u00een gur\u0103, din\u0163i mobilitate.<\/strong><\/span>
\nInitially, gingivitis, which is inflammation of the gums, appears, after which the disease progresses to deeper structures. Gingivitis manifests as bleeding during brushing or chewing, and a change in gum colour, which becomes reddish-purple. A feeling of tightness and itching also occurs.<\/p>\n

How does periodontal disease progress?<\/strong><\/span>
\nGradually, the gums recede, leaving the tooth roots visible. This causes the teeth to become loose. Subsequently, the teeth are spontaneously expelled from the dental arch without any other condition.
\nThe factors that influence the onset of periodontal disease are those that affect the health of the gums and supporting structures of the teeth. These can be broadly categorised as local and systemic factors.\n\n**Local Factors (directly related to the mouth and teeth):**\n\n* **Bacterial Plaque:** This is the primary cause of periodontal disease. Plaque is a sticky film of bacteria that forms on teeth. If not removed regularly through brushing and flossing, it hardens into tartar (calculus).\n* **Tartar (Calculus):** Tartar is hardened plaque that is difficult to remove with a toothbrush. It provides a rough surface for more plaque to accumulate and can also irritate the gums.\n* **Poor Oral Hygiene:** Inadequate brushing and flossing allow plaque and food debris to accumulate, promoting bacterial growth.\n* **Misaligned Teeth (Malocclusion):** Teeth that are crowded or misaligned can be harder to clean effectively, leading to plaque buildup.\n* **Poorly Fitting Dental Restorations:** Fillings, crowns, bridges, or dentures that do not fit well can create areas where plaque can accumulate and be difficult to remove.\n* **Mouth Breathing:** Chronic mouth breathing can lead to dry mouth and an altered bacterial environment, which can increase the risk of gum problems.\n* **Tobacco Use (Smoking and Chewing):** Nicotine and other chemicals in tobacco products impair the immune system's ability to fight infection, reduce blood flow to the gums, and make it harder for tissues to heal. Smokers are significantly more susceptible to periodontal disease and its progression.\n* **Traumatic Occlusion:** Excessive force on teeth due to habits like bruxism (teeth grinding or clenching) can damage the supporting bone and contribute to periodontal problems.\n\n**Systemic Factors (affecting the whole body):**\n\n* **Genetics:** A predisposition to periodontal disease can be inherited. Some individuals are genetically more susceptible to gum inflammation and bone loss, even with good oral hygiene.\n* **Diabetes Mellitus:** Uncontrolled diabetes significantly increases the risk and severity of periodontal disease. High blood sugar levels can impair the immune response and make it harder for the body to fight infection.\n* **Hormonal Changes:** Fluctuations in hormone levels, particularly during puberty, pregnancy, and menopause, can make gums more sensitive and prone to inflammation, a condition sometimes referred to as \"pregnancy gingivitis\".\n* **Certain Medical Conditions:** Conditions that affect the immune system, such as HIV\/AIDS and leukaemia, can increase the susceptibility to severe periodontal infections.\n* **Medications:** Some medications can cause dry mouth (xerostomia) as a side effect, which reduces the protective effect of saliva and can contribute to gum problems. Others may lead to gum overgrowth (gingival hyperplasia), making them harder to clean. Examples include certain anti-epileptic drugs, immunosuppressants, and calcium channel blockers.\n* **Nutritional Deficiencies:** A severe lack of certain nutrients, such as Vitamin C, can weaken the gums and impair healing, although this is less common in developed countries.\n* **Stress:** Chronic stress can weaken the immune system, making it harder for the body to combat periodontal infections.\n* **Osteoporosis:** This condition, which causes weakened bones, can also affect the bones that support the teeth, potentially exacerbating periodontal bone loss.\n\nIt's important to note that periodontal disease is often a complex interplay of these factors, with bacterial plaque usually being the initiating factor, but systemic conditions and lifestyle choices significantly influencing its severity and progression.<\/p>\n

Poor oral hygiene<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n